Relative clauses – Придаточные предложения с и без who/that/which

Посмотрите на примеры из урока 92:

• The woman who lives next door is a doctor. (or The woman that lives ...)

The woman lives next door.

who (= the woman) – подлежащее (subject).

• Where is the cheese that was in the fridge? (or the cheese which was ...)

The cheese was in the fridge.

that (= the cheese) – подлежащее.

Вы должны использовать who/that/which, когда одно из них выступает подлежащим в придаточном предложении. Т.е. вы не можете сказать ‘The woman lives next door is a doctor’ или ‘Where is the cheese was in the fridge?’.

Иногда who/that/which – дополнение (object) глагола. Например:

• The woman who I wanted to see was away on holiday.
  Женщина, которую я хотел увидеть, уехала в отпуск.

I wanted to see the woman.

who (= the woman) – дополнение.
I – подлежащее.

• Have you found the keys that you lost?
  Ты нашел ключи, которые ты потерял?

You lost the keys.

that (= the keys) – дополнение.
you – подлежащее.

Когда who/that/which – дополнение, его можно опустить. Т.е. вы можете сказать:

• The woman I wanted to see was away. или The woman who I wanted to see ...
• Have you found the keys you lost? или ... the keys that you lost?
• The dress Liz bought doesn’t fit her very well. или The dress that Liz bought ...
• Is there anything I can do? или ... anything that I can do?
  Я могу чем-нибудь помочь? (досл.: есть что-нибудь, что я могу сделать?)

Обратите внимание на расположение предлогов (in/to/for и др.) в придаточных предложениях:

Tom is talking to a woman – do you know her?
→ Do you know the woman (who/that) Tom is talking to?

I slept in a bed last night – it wasn’t very comfortable.
→ The bed (that/which) I slept in last night wasn’t very comfortable.

• Are these the books you were looking for? или ... the books that/which you were ...
• The woman he fell in love with left him after a month. или The woman who/that he ...
• The man I was sitting next to on the plane talked all the time. или The man who/that I was sitting next to ...

Вы не можете использовать what в подобных предложениях (см. также урок 92C):

• Everything (that) they said was true. (not Everything what they said)
• I gave her all the money (that) I had. (not all the money what I had)

What = ‘the thing(s) that’:

• Did you hear what they said? (= the things that they said)
  Ты слышал (то,) что они сказали?

Упражнения

1. В некоторых из этих предложений необходимо who или that. Исправьте предложения там, где необходимо.

2. Что бы вы сказали в этих ситуациях? Закончите каждое предложение его придаточной частью (relative clause).

1. Your friend lost some keys. You want to know if he has found them. You say:
   Have you found ?
2. A friend is wearing a dress. You like it. You tell her:
   I like the dress .
3. A friend is going to see a film. You want to know the name of the film. You say:
   What’s the name of the film ?
4. You wanted to visit a museum. It was shut when you got there. You tell a friend:
   The museum was shut when we got there.
5. You invited some people to your party. Some of them couldn’t come. You tell someone:
   Some of the people couldn’t come.
6. Your friend had to do some work. You want to know if she has finished. You say:
   Have you finished the work ?
7. You hired a car. It broke down after a few miles. You tell a friend:
   The car broke down after a few miles.
8. You stayed at a hotel. Tom had recommended it to you. You tell a friend:
   We stayed at a hotel .

3. Закончите каждое предложение, используя придаточное предложение с предлогом. Выберите из рамочки.

1. Are these the books ?
2. Unfortunately we couldn’t go to the wedding .
3. I enjoy my job. I like the people .
4. What’s the name of that hotel ?
5. The party wasn’t very enjoyable.
6. I didn’t get the job .
7. Gary is a good person to know. He’s somebody .
8. Who was that man in the restaurant?

4. Выберите that или what там, где необходимо. Если предложение уже закончено, оставьте поле пустым.