Разница в употреблении all, every и whole
All и everybody/everyone
Мы обычно не используем all (все), пытаясь заменить everybody/everyone (все):
- Everybody enjoyed the party. (not
All enjoyed)
Но мы говорим all of us/you/them (not everybody of...):
- All of us enjoyed the party. (not
Everybody of us)
All и everything
Иногда вы можете использовать all (всё) или everything (всё):
- I’ll do all I can to help. или I’ll do everything I can to help.
Вы можете сказать ‘all I can’ / ‘all you need’ и др., но мы обычно не используем all в одиночку:
- He thinks he knows everything. (not
he knows all) - Our holiday was a disaster. Everything went wrong. (not
All went wrong)
Но вы можете сказать all about (всё о):
- He knows all about computers.
Мы также используем all (не everything) в значении ‘the only thing(s)’:
- All I’ve eaten today is a sandwich. (= the only thing I’ve eaten today = единственное, что я сегодня ел)
Every / everybody / everyone / everything – слова в единственном числе, поэтому мы используем глагол в единственном числе:
- Every seat in the theatre was taken.
- Everybody has arrived. (not
have arrived)
Но вы можете использовать they/them/their после everybody/everyone:
- Everybody said they enjoyed themselves. (= he or she enjoyed himself or herself)
Все сказали, что хорошо провели время. (дословно не переводится)
Whole и all
Whole = complete, entire = весь. Чаще всего мы используем whole с существительными в единственном числе:
- Did you read the whole book? (= всю книгу, а не только какую-нибудь часть)
- Emily has lived her whole life in Scotland.
- I was so hungry, I ate a whole packet of biscuits. (= целую упаковку)
Мы используем the/my/her и др. перед whole. Сравните whole и all:
the whole book / all the book
her whole life / all her life
Мы обычно не используем whole с неисчисляемыми существительными. Мы говорим:
- I’ve spent all the money you gave me. (not
the whole money)
Я потратила все деньги, которые ты мне дал.
Every/all/whole словами-показателями времени
Мы используем every, когда говорим о том, как часто что-то происходит (every day / every Monday / every ten minutes / every three weeks и т.п.):
- When we were on holiday, we went to the beach every day. (not
all days) - The bus service is excellent. There’s a bus every ten minutes.
- We don’t see each other very often - about every six months.
All day / the whole day = весь день, от начала до конца:
- We spent all day / the whole day on the beach.
- Dan was very quiet. He didn’t say a word all evening / the whole evening.
Заметьте, что мы говорим all day (не all the day), all week (не all the week) и т.п.
Сравните all the time и every time:
- They never go out. They are at home all the time. (= always, continuously = постоянно)
- Every time I see you, you look different. (= each time, on every occasion = каждый раз)
Упражнения
1. Закончите эти предложения, выбрав all, everything или everybody/everyone.
2. Напишите предложения с whole.
- I read the book from beginning to end.
- Everyone in the team played well.
- Paul opened a box of chocolates. When he finished eating, there were no chocolates left in the box.
- The police came to the house. They were looking for something. They searched everywhere, every room.
- Everyone in Dave and Jane’s family plays tennis. Dave and Jane play, and so do all their children.
- Ann worked from early in the morning until late in the evening.
- Jack and Jill went on holiday to the seaside for a week. It rained from the beginning of the week to the end.
Теперь напишите предложения 6 7 снова, на этот раз используя all вместо whole.
3. Закончите предложения, используя every со следующими фразами:
five minutes ten minutes four hours six months four years
- The bus service is very good. There’s a bus .
- Tom is ill. He has some medicine. He has to take it .
- The Olympic Games take place .
- We live near a busy airport. A plane flies over our house .
- Martin has a check-up with his dentist .
4. Отметьте галочкой правильный вариант.
- I’ve spent the whole money / all the money you gave me. (all the money – правильный вариант)
- Sue works every day / all days except Sunday.
- I’m tired. I’ve been working hard all the day / all day.
- It was a terrible fire. Whole building / The whole building was destroyed.
- I’ve been trying to phone her, but every time / all the time I phone the line is busy.
- I don’t like the weather here. It rains every time / all the time.
- When I was on holiday, all my luggage / my whole luggage was stolen.