Употребление so и such

Урок 102
A

Сравните so и such:

Мы используем so + прилагательное/наречие:

so stupid
такой глупый

so quick
такой быстрый

so nice
такой милый

so quickly
так быстро

  • I didn’t like the book. The story was so stupid.
    Мне не понравилась эта книга. История была такая глупая.
  • I like Liz and Joe. They are so nice.
    Мне нравятся Лиза и Джо. Они такие милые.

Мы используем such + существительное

such a story
такая история

such people
такие люди

Мы также используем such + прилагательное + существительное:

such a stupid story

such nice people

  • I didn’t like the book. It was such a stupid story. (not a so stupid story)
  • I like Liz and Joe. They are such nice people. (not so nice people)

Мы говорим such a ... (а не a such):

such a big dog (not a such big dog)

B

So и such делают значение прилагательного (или наречия) сильнее:

  • It’s a beautiful day, isn’t it? It’s so warm. (= очень тепло)
  • It’s difficult to understand him because he talks so quietly. (= очень тихо)
  • It was a great holiday. We had such a good time. (= a really good time)
    Это был отличный отпуск. Мы очень хорошо провели время.

Вы можете использовать so ... that:

Вы можете использовать such ... that:

  • The book was so good that I couldn’t put it down.
    Книга была такой хорошей, что я никак не мог оторваться.
  • I was so tired that I fell asleep in the armchair.
    Я так устал, что уснул в кресле.
  • It was such a good book that I couldn’t put it down.
    Это была такая хорошая книга, что я никак не мог оторваться.
  • It was such nice weather that we spent the whole day on the beach.
    Была такая хорошая погода, что мы провели весь день на пляже.

That часто опускается:

That часто опускается:

  • I was so tired I fell asleep.
  • It was such nice weather we spent ...
C

Мы также используем so и such со значением ‘like this’ (не переводится, досл.: как это; происходит сравнение того, что мы думаем, с тем, что есть на самом деле):

  • Somebody told me the house was built 100 years ago. I didn’t realize it was so old. (= as old as it is = настолько старый - так стар, как оно есть на самом деле)
  • I’m tired because I got up at six. I don’t usually get up so early (так рано).
  • I expected the weather to be cooler. I’m surprised it is so warm (так тепло).
  • I didn’t realise it was such an old house.
    Я не представлял себе, что это настолько старый дом.
  • You know it’s not true. How can you say such a thing?
    Я знаю, что это не правда. Как ты можешь такое говорить? (досл.: такую вещь)

Обратите внимание на выражение no such ... :

  • You won’t find the word ‘blid’ in the dictionary. There’s no such word. (= this word does not exist)
    Вы не найдете слова ‘blid’ в словаре. Такого слова нет.
D

Сравните:

so long

such a long time

  • I haven’t seen her for so long I’ve forgotten what she looks like.
    Я так давно ее не видел, что забыл как она выглядит.
  • I haven’t seen her for such a long time. (not so long time)
    Я так давно ее не видел. (досл.: такое долгое время)

so far

such a long way

  • I didn’t know it was so far.
    Я не знал, что это так далеко.
  • I didn’t know it was such a long way.
    Я не знал, что это такой долгий путь.

so much, so many

such a lot (of)

  • I’m sorry I’m late - there was so much traffic.
    Извините, что опоздал - так много машин на дорогах.
  • I’m sorry I’m late - there was such a lot of traffic.
    Извините, что опоздал - так много машин на дорогах.

Упражнения

1. Выберите so, such или such a.

  1. It’s difficult to understand him because he speaks quietly.
  2. I like Liz and Joe. They’re nice people.
  3. It was a great holiday. We had good time.
  4. I was surprised that he looked well after his recent illness.
  5. Everything is expensive these days, isn’t it?
  6. The weather is beautiful, isn’t it? I didn’t expect it to be nice day.
  7. I have to go. I didn’t realise it was late.
  8. He always looks good. He wears nice clothes.
  9. It was boring film that I fell asleep while I was watching it.
    10. Key
  10. I couldn’t believe the news. It was shock.
  11. I think she works too hard. She looks tired all the time.
  12. The food at the hotel was awful. I’ve never eaten awful food.
  13. They’ve got much money they don’t know what to do with it.
  14. I didn’t realise you lived long way from the city centre.
  15. The party was really great. It was pity you couldn’t come.

Key

2. Составьте одно предложение из двух. Используйте so или such.

  • She worked hard.
  • It was a beautiful day.
  • I was tired.
  • We had a good time on holiday.
  • She speaks English well.
  • I’ve got a lot to do.
  • The music was loud.
  • I had a big breakfast.
  • It was horrible weather.
  • I was surprised.
You could hear it from miles away.
You would think it was her native language.
We spent the whole day indoors.
She made herself ill.
I couldn’t keep my eyes open.
I didn’t eat anything else for the rest of the day.
We decided to go to the beach.
I didn’t know what to say.
I don’t know where to begin.
We didn’t want to come home.
    7. Key

Key

3. Закончите эти пары предложений, используя свои идеи.

1.
a.
We enjoyed our holiday. It was so .
b.
We enjoyed our holiday. We had such .
2.
a.
I like Catherine. She’s so .
b.
I like Catherine. She’s such .
3.
a.
I like New York. It’s so .
b.
I like New York. It’s such .
4.
a.
I wouldn’t like to be a teacher. It’s so .
b.
I wouldn’t like to be a teacher. It’s such .
5.
a.
It’s great to see you again! I haven’t seen you for so .
b.
It’s great to see you again! I haven’t seen you for such .

Key