Возвратные местоимения myself / yourself / themselves и др. в английском
Изучите следующий пример:
Steve introduced himself to the other guests.
Стив представил себя другим гостям.
Мы используем myself/yourself/himself и др. (reflexive pronouns - возвратные местоимения), когда подлежащее (subject) и дополнение (object) – одно и то же:
Возвратными местоимениями являются:
ед. ч. | myself | yourself (один человек) | himself/herself/itself |
мн. ч. | ourselves | yourselves (больше, чем один человек) | themselves |
- I don’t want you to pay for me. I’ll pay for myself. (not
I’ll pay for me)
Я не хочу, чтобы ты платил за меня. Я заплачу за себя. - Julia had a great holiday. She really enjoyed herself.
Юлия отлично провела отпуск. Ей всё очень понравилось (досл.: она очень довольна собой.) - Do you talk to yourself sometimes? (при обращении к одному человеку)
Ты разговариваешь с собой иногда? - If you want more to eat, help yourselves. (при обращении к более чем одному человеку)
Если захотите добавки, накладывайте себе сами.
Сравните:
- It’s not our fault. You can’t blame us.
Это не наша вина. Ты не можешь винить нас. - It’s our own fault. We should blame ourselves.
Это наша вина. Мы должны винить только себя (досл.: нас).
Мы не используем myself и др. после feel/relax/concentrate/meet:
- I feel nervous. I can’t relax.
Я нервничаю. Не могу расслабиться. - You must try and concentrate. (not
concentrate yourself)
Тебе нужно постараться сосредоточиться. - What time shall we meet? (not
meet ourselves, notmeet us)
Во сколько встречаемся?
Мы обычно используем wash/shave/dress без myself и др. :
- He got up, washed, shaved and dressed. (not
washed himselfи т.п.)
Он встал, помылся, побрился и оделся.
Вы также можете сказать get dressed (He got dressed).
Сравните -selves и each other:
- Kate and Joe stood in front of the mirror and looked at themselves. (= Kate and Joe looked at Kate and Joe - на себя.)
- Kate looked at Joe; Joe looked at Kate. They looked at each other. (друг на друга)
Вы можете использовать one another вместо each other:
- How long have you and Bill known each other? или ... known one another?
- Sue and Ann don’t like each other. или ... don’t like one another.
- Do you and Sarah live near each other? или ... near one another?
Другой пример:
- ‘Who repaired your bike for you?’ ‘I repaired it myself.’
‘Кто отремонтировал тебе твой велосипед?’ ‘Я отремонтировал его сам.’
I repaired it myself = отремонтировал его я, а не кто-нибудь другой. Здесь, myself акцентирует внимание на ‘я’ (= подчёркивает, придает особое значение). Еще примеры:
- I’m not going to do your work for you. You can do it yourself. (= ты, не я)
- Let’s paint the house ourselves. It will be much cheaper.
- The film itself wasn’t very good, but I loved the music. (Сам по себе фильм... или Сам фильм...)
- I don’t think Liz will get the job. Liz herself doesn’t think she’ll get it. (или Liz doesn’t think she’ll get it herself. – Лиза сама́ не...)
Упражнения
1. Закончите предложения, используя myself/yourself и др. + следующие глаголы (в правильной форме):
blame burn enjoy express hurt introduce put
- Steve to the other guests at the party.
- Bill fell down some steps, but fortunately he didn’t .
- It isn’t Sue’s fault. She really shouldn’t .
- Please try and understand how I feel. in my position.
- The children had a great time at the beach. They really .
- Be careful! That pan is very hot. Don’t .
- Sometimes I can’t say exactly what I mean. I wish I could better.
2. Вставьте myself/yourself/ourselves и др. или me/you/us и др.
- Julia had a great holiday. She enjoyed .
- It’s not my fault. You can’t blame .
- What I did was really bad. I’m ashamed of .
- We’ve got a problem. I hope you can help .
- ‘Can I take another biscuit?’ ‘Of course. Help !’
- You must meet Sarah. I’ll introduce to her.
- Don’t worry about us. We can look after .
- I gave them a key to our house so that they could let in.
- I didn’t want anybody to see the letters, so I burned .
3. Закончите эти предложения. Используйте myself/yourself и др., только если необходимо. Используйте следующие глаголы (в правильной форме):
concentrate defend dry feel meet relax shave wash
- Martin decided to grow a beard because he was fed up with .
- I wasn’t very well yesterday, but I much better today.
- I climbed out of the swimming pool and with a towel.
- I tried to study, but I couldn’t .
- If somebody attacks you, you need to be able to .
- I’m going out with Chris this evening. We’re at 7.30.
- You’re always rushing around. Why don’t you sit down and ?
- There was no water, so we couldn’t .
4. Закончите предложения, используя -selves или each other.
- How long have you and Bill known ?
- If people work too hard, they can make ill.
- I need you and you need me. We need .
- In Britain friends often give presents at Christmas.
- Some people are very selfish. They only think of .
- Tracy and I don’t see very often these days.
- We couldn’t get back into the house. We had locked out.
- They’ve had an argument. They’re not speaking to at the moment.
- We’d never met before, so we introduced to .
5. Закончите ответы на вопросы, используя myself/yourself/itself и др.
- — Who repaired the bike for you?
— Nobody. I . - — Who cuts Brian’s hair for him?
— Nobody. He cuts . - — Do you want me to post that letter for you?
— No, I’ll . - — Who told you that Linda was going away?
— Linda . - — Can you phone John for me?
— Why can’t you ?