Вопросы в английском языке 2: вопросы в сложных предложениях и косвенные вопросы

Урок 50
A

Do you know where ... ? / I don’t know why ... / Could you tell me what ... ? etc.

Мы говорим:

Where has Tom gone?

но

Do you know where Tom has gone? (not Do you know where has Tom gone?)

Когда вопрос (Where has Tom gone?) является частью сложного предложения (Do you know ... ? / I don’t know ... / Can you tell me ... ? etc.), порядок слов меняется. Точнее, мы уже указали вопросительный порядок слов в первой части предложения (когда вынесли do и can в начало предложения), поэтому во второй части он просто уже не нужен. Мы говорим:

◇ What time is it?
но
Do you know what time it is?
◇ Who are those people?
но
I don’t know who those people are.
◇ Where can I find Linda?
но
Can you tell me where I can find Linda?
◇ How much will it cost?
но
Do you have any idea how much it will cost?

Будьте аккуратнее со вспомогательными глаголами do/does/did в вопросах. Они вызывают привыкание и их хочется использовать в похожих фразах:

◇ What time does the film begin?
но
Do you know what time the film begins? (not does the film begin)
◇ What do you mean?
но
Please explain what you mean.
◇ Why did she leave early?
но
I wonder why she left early.

Используйте if или whether там, где нет других вопросительных слов (what, why и пр.):

◇ Did anybody see you?

но

Do you know if anybody saw you?
или ... whether anybody saw you?

B

He asked me where ... (косвенные вопросы)

Такие же изменения происходят и в косвенных вопросах (reported questions). Сравните:

direct

The police officer said to us, ‘Where are you going?’

reported

The police officer asked us where we were going.

direct

Clare said, ‘What time do the banks close?’

reported

Clare wanted to know what time the banks closed.

В косвенной речи глагол обычно меняется на прошедшее время (were, closed и т.п.). См. урок 47.

Изучите эти примеры. У вас было собеседование по поводу работы, вам задавали следующие вопросы:

Are you willing to travel?
— Why did you apply for the job?
— What do you do in your spare time?
Can you speak any foreign languages?
— How long have you been working in your present job?
Do you have a driving licence?

Позже вы говорите другу о том, какие вопросы вам задавали. Вы используете косвенную речь:

  • She asked if (or whether) I was willing to travel.
  • She wanted to know what I did in my spare time.
  • She asked how long I had been working in my present job.
  • She asked why I had applied for the job. (or ... why I applied)
  • She wanted to know if (or whether) I could speak any foreign languages.
  • She asked if (or whether) I had a driving licence.

Упражнения

1. Составьте новое предложение из вопроса в скобках?

  1. (Where has Tom gone?) Do you know ...
  2. (Where is the post office?) Could you tell me where ...
  3. (What’s the time?) I wonder ...
  4. (What does this word mean?) I want to know ...
  5. (What time did they leave?) Do you know ...
  6. (Is Sue going out tonight?) I don’t know ...
  7. (Where does Caroline live?) Do you have any idea ...
  8. (Where did I park the car?) I can’t remember ...
  9. Key
  10. (Is there a bank near here?) Can you tell me ...
  11. (What do you want?) Tell me ...
  12. (Why didn’t Kate come to the party?) I don’t know ...
  13. (How much does it cost to park here?) Do you know ...
  14. (Who is that woman?) I have no idea ...
  15. (Did Liz get my letter?) Do you know ...
  16. (How far is it to the airport?) Can you tell me ...

Key

2. Вы звоните Свете по домашнему телефону, но ее нет дома. Кто-то другой отвечает на звонок. Вы хотите узнать три вещи:
(1) Where has she gone? (2) When will she be back? и (3) Did she go out alone?
Закончите разговор:

A: Do you know where ...
 
? (1)
B: Sorry, I’ve got no idea.
A: Never mind. I don’t suppose you know ...
 
. (2)
B: No, I’m afraid not.
A: One more thing. Do you happen to know ...
 
? (3)
B: I’m afraid I didn’t see her go out.
A: OK. Well, thank you anyway. Goodbye.

Key

3. Вас долгое время не было в родном городе, и вот вы только что туда вернулись. Вы встречаете вашего друга Антона. Он задает вам кучу вопросов:

1. How are you?
2. Where have you been?
3. How long have you been back?
4. What are you doing now?
5. Why did you come back?
6. Where are you living?
7. Are you glad to be back?
8. Do you have any plans to go away again?
9. Can you lend me some money?

Остановить Антона было сложно, но вы справились. А теперь вы сообщаете другому своему другу о том, что у вас спрашивал Антон. Используйте косвенную речь.

Key