Предлог (in/for/about и др.) + -ing
Если после предлога (in/for/about и др.) следует глагол, глагол будет заканчиваться на -ing:
предлог | глагол (-ing) | ||
Are you interested | in | working | for us? |
I’m not very good | at | learning | languages. |
Sue must be fed up | with | studying. | |
What are the advantages | of | having | a car? |
Thanks very much | for | inviting | me to your party. |
How | about | meeting | for lunch tomorrow? |
Why don’t you go out | instead of | sitting | at home all the time? |
Carol went to work | in spite of | feeling | ill. |
Вы также можете сказать ‘instead of somebody doing something’, ‘fed up with people doing something’ и т.п. :
- I’m fed up with people telling me what to do.
Я сыт по горло людьми, которые говорят что мне делать.
Обратите внимание на использование следующих предлогов + -ing:
before -ing и after -ing:
- Before going out, I phoned Sarah. (not
Before to go out) - What did you do after leaving school?
Вы также можете сказать ‘Before I went out ...’ и ‘... after you left school’.
by -ing (чтобы сказать как что-нибудь происходит):
- The burglars got into the house by breaking a window and climbing in.
Грабители проникли в дом, разбив окно и взобравшись через него. - You can improve your English by reading more.
Вы можете улучшить свой английский, читая больше. - She made herself ill by not eating properly.
Она заболела от того, что питалась не правильно. - Many accidents are caused by people driving too fast.
Многие несчастные случаи происходят вследствие слишком быстрой езды.
without -ing:
- We ran ten kilometres without stopping.
Мы бежали десять километров без остановки. - It was a stupid thing to say. I said it without thinking.
Было глупо это говорить, но я сказал без раздумья. - She needs to work without people disturbing her. (или ... without being disturbed.)
Ей нужно работать так, чтобы ее не отвлекали. - I have enough problems of my own without having to worry about yours.
У меня и без тебя проблем хватает (не дословно).
To -ing (look forward to doing something и пр.)
To часто является частью инфинитива (to do / to see и т.п.):
- We decided to go out.
- Would you like to meet for lunch tomorrow?
Но to также и предлог (как in/for/about/from и др.). Например:
- We drove from London to Edinburgh.
Мы ехали из Лондона в Эдинбург. - I prefer tea to coffee.
Я предпочитаю чай, а не кофе. - Are you looking forward to the weekend?
Вы ждете выходных? или Вы возлагаете большие надежды на эти выходные?
Если после предлога следует глагол, то глагол будет заканчиваться на -ing:
in doing
about meeting
without stopping (и т.д.)
Поэтому, когда to - предлог и после него следует глагол, вы должны сказать to -ing:
- I prefer driving to travelling by train. (not
to travel) - Are you looking forward to going on holiday? (not
looking forward to go)
Упражнения
1. Закончите второе предложение так, чтобы оно означало то же самое, что и первое.
- Why is it useful to have a car?
- I don’t intend to apply for the job.
- Helen has a good memory for names.
- Mark won’t pass the exam. He has no chance.
- Did you get into trouble because you were late?
- We didn’t eat at home. We went to a restaurant instead.
- We got into the exhibition. We didn’t have to queue.
- Our team played well, but we lost the game.
2. Закончите предложения, используя by -ing и следующие фразы (с глаголом в правильной форме):
put some pictures on the walls
stand on a chair
turn a key
- The burglars got into the house ...
- I was able to reach the top shelf ...
- You start the engine of a car ...
- Kevin got himself into financial trouble ...
- You can put people’s lives in danger ...
- We made the room look nicer ...
3. Закончите предложения подходящим словом. Каждый раз используйте только одно слово.
- We ran ten kilometres without .
- He left the hotel without his bill.
- It’s a nice morning. How about for a walk?
- We were able to translate the letter into English without a dictionary.
- Before to bed, I like to have a hot drink.
- It was a long journey. I was very tired after on a train for 36 hours.
- I was annoyed because the decision was made without anybody me.
- After the same job for ten years, I felt I needed a change.
- We lost our way because we went straight on instead of left.
- I like these photographs you took. You’re good at photographs.
4. Для каждой ситуации напишите предложение с I’m (not) looking forward to.
- You are going on holiday next week. How do you feel?
- Diane is a good friend of yours and she is coming to visit you soon. So you will see her again soon. How do you feel?
- You are going to the dentist tomorrow. You don’t enjoy going to the dentist. How do you feel?
- Carol is a student at school. She hates it, but she is leaving school next summer. How does she feel?
- You’ve arranged to play tennis tomorrow. You like tennis a lot. How do you feel?