Конструкция have something done
Изучите следующую ситуацию:
Крыша дома Лизы была повреждена во время шторма. Вчера пришел работник и починил ее.
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday.
Это означает: Лиза договорилась, чтобы кто-нибудь другой починил крышу. Сама она ее не чинила.
Мы используем have something done, чтобы сказать, что мы договарились, что кто-то другой сделает что-то для нас. Сравните:
- Lisa repaired the roof. (= она починила ее сама)
Lisa had the roof repaired. (= кто-то другой починил крышу Лизе
) - ‘Did you make those curtains yourself?’ ‘Yes, I enjoy making things.’
‘Did you have those curtains made?’ ‘No, I made them myself.’
Будьте внимательнее с порядком слов. The past participle (причастие прошедшего времени - repaired/cut и т.д.) после the object (дополнения):
| have | object | past participle |
| Lisa had | the roof | repaired yesterday. |
| Where did you have | your hair | cut? |
| Your hair looks nice. Have you had | it | cut? |
| Our neighbour has just had | a garage | built. |
| We are having | the house | painted at the moment. |
| How often do you have | your car | serviced? |
| I think you should have | that coat | cleaned. |
| I don’t like having | my photograph | taken. |
Вы также можете сказать ‘get something done’ вместо ‘have something done’ (в основном, в неформальном разговорном английском):
- When are you going to get the roof repaired? (= have the roof repaired)
- I think you should get your hair cut really short.
Иногда have something done имеет другое значение. Например:
- Paul and Karen had all their money stolen while they were on holiday.
Это не означает, что они договорились с кем-нибудь, чтобы те украли у них деньги. (Хотя кто их знает, правда?) ‘They had all their money stolen’ означает: ‘All their money was stolen from them’ (У них украли все деньги или досл.: Все их деньги были украдены у них).
Мы используем have something done с этим значением, чтобы сказать, что что-то случилось с кем-то или с чьими-то принадлежностями. Обычно ничего приятного в таких ситуациях не происходит:
- Gary had his nose broken in a fight. (= ему сломали нос)
- Have you ever had your passport stolen?
Упражнения
1. Отметьте () правильное предложение, (a) или (b), для каждой картинки.
SARAH
(a) Sarah is cutting her hair.
(b) Sarah is having her hair cut.
(a) (b)
BILL
(a) Bill is cutting his hair.
(b) Bill is having his hair cut.
(a) (b)
JOHN
(a) John is cleaning his shoes.
(b) John is having his shoes cleaned.
(a) (b)
SUE
(a) Sue is taking a photograph.
(b) Sue is having her photograph taken.
(a) (b)
2. Ответьте на вопросы, используя To have something done. Выберите слова из:
- Why did you go to the garage?
- Why did you go to the cleaner’s?
- Why did you go to the jeweller’s?
- Why did you go to the optician’s?
3. Напишите предложения, как показано в примере.
- Lisa didn’t repair the roof herself.
- I didn’t cut my hair myself.
- They didn’t paint the house themselves.
- John didn’t build that wall himself.
- I didn’t deliver the flowers myself.
4. Закончите предложения, используя слова в скобках и конструкцию have something done.
- We (the house / paint) at the moment.
- I lost my key. I’ll have to (another key / make).
- When was the last time you (your hair / cut)?
- (you / a newspaper / deliver) to your house every day, or do you go out and buy one?
- A: What are those workmen doing in your garden?
B: Oh, we (a garage / build). - A: Can I see the photographs you took when you were on holiday?
B: I’m afraid I (not / the film / develop) yet. - This coat is dirty. I must (it / clean).
- If you want to wear earrings, why don’t you (your ears / pierce)?
- A: I heard your computer wasn’t working.
B: That’s right, but it’s OK now. I (it / repair). - Gary was in a fight last night. He (his nose / break).
- Did I tell you about Jane? She (her handbag / steal) last week.
- Did you hear about Pete? He (his car / vandalise) a few nights ago.