Сравнительная степень прилагательных и наречий в английском языке
Изучите эти примеры:
How shall we travel? By car or by train?
Let’s go by car. It’s cheaper.
Don’t go by train. It’s more expensive.
Cheaper (дешевле) и more expensive (дороже) – формы сравнительной степени (comparative forms).
После сравнительной степени вы можете использовать than (см. урок 107):
- It’s cheaper to go by car than by train.
Дешевле поехать на машине, чем на поезде. - Going by train is more expensive than going by car.
Поездка на поезде обойдется дороже, чем на машине.
Сравнительная степень образуется с помощью суффикса -er или вспомогательного слова more ... .
Мы используем -er для коротких слов (один слог):
Мы используем more ... для более длинных слов (два слога и более):
large → larger
thin → thinner
more expensive
more comfortable
Мы также используем -er со словами из двух слогов, которые оканчиваются на -y (-y → ier):
Мы также используем more ... с наречиями, которые оканчиваются на -ly:
easy → easier
pretty → prettier
more quietly
more carefully
Сравните эти примеры:
- You’re older than me.
Ты старше, чем я. - The exam was fairly easy - easier than I expected.
Экзамен был довольно легкий - легче, чем я ожидал. - Can you walk a bit faster?
Можешь идти чуть быстрее? - I’d like to have a bigger car.
Я бы хотел машину побольше. - Last night I went to bed earlier than usual.
Вчера я лег спать раньше, чем обычно.
- You’re more patient than me.
Ты терпеливее, чем я. - The exam was quite difficult - more difficult than I expected.
Экзамен был довольно сложный - сложнее, чем я ожидал. - Can you walk a bit more slowly?
Можешь идти чуть медленнее? - I’d like to have a more reliable car.
Я бы хотел машину понадёжнее. - I don’t play tennis much these days. I used to play more often.
В последнее время я играю в теннис нечасто. Раньше я играла чаще.
Вы можете использовать -er или more ... с прилагательными из двух слогов, особенно:
clever narrow quiet shallow simple
- It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere quieter / more quiet?
Здесь слишком шумно. Мы можем пойти куда-нибудь, где потише?
Несколько прилагательных и наречий имеют неправильные сравнительные формы:
good/well → better:
- The garden looks better since you tidied it up.
Сад выглядит лучше после того, как ты в нем прибрался. - I know him well - probably better than anybody else knows him.
Я хорошо его знаю, возможно, лучше, чем кто-либо другой.
bad/badly → worse:
- ‘How is your headache? Better?’ ‘No, it’s worse.’
‘Как голова? (досл.: головная боль)? Лучше?’ ‘Нет, хуже.’ - He did very badly in the exam - worse than expected.
far → further (или farther):
- It’s a long walk from here to the park - further than I thought. (или farther than)
Отсюда далеко идти до парка - дальше, чем я думал.
Further (но не farther) может также означать ‘more’ или ‘additional’ (дополнительный):
- Let me know if you hear any further news. (= any more news = еще какие-нибудь (дополнительные) новости)
Упражнения
1. Закончите предложения, используя сравнительную степень (older / more important и т.п.).
- It’s too noisy here. Can we go somewhere ?
- This coffee is very weak. I like it a bit .
- The hotel was surprisingly big. I expected it to be .
- The hotel was surprisingly cheap. I expected it to be .
- The weather is too cold here. I’d like to live somewhere .
- My job is a bit boring sometimes. I’d like to do something .
- It’s a pity you live so far away. I wish you lived .
- I was surprised how easy it was to use the computer. I thought it would be .
- Your work isn’t very good. I’m sure you can do .
- Don’t worry. The situation isn’t so bad. It could be .
- I was surprised we got here so quickly. I expected the journey to take .
- You’re talking very loudly. Can you speak a bit ?
- You hardly ever phone me. Why don’t you phone me ?
- You’re standing too near the camera. Can you move a bit away?
- You were a bit depressed yesterday, but you look today.
2. Закончите предложения. Каждый раз используйте сравнительную форму одного из слов в рамочке. Используйте than там, где необходимо.
interested
peaceful
serious
simple
thin
- I was feeling tired last night, so I went to bed usual.
- I’d like to have a car. The one I’ve got keeps breaking down.
- Unfortunately her illness was we thought at first.
- You look . Have you lost weight?
- I want a flat. We don’t have enough space here.
- He doesn’t study very hard. He’s in having a good time.
- Health and happiness are money.
- The instructions were very complicated. They could have been .
- There were a lot of people on the bus. It was usual.
- I like living in the countryside. It’s living in a town.
- You’ll find your way around the town if you have a good map.
- In some parts of the country, prices are in others.
3. Прочитайте ситуации и закончите предложения. Используйте сравнительную степень (-er или more ...).
- Yesterday the temperature was six degrees. Today it’s only three degrees.
- The journey takes four hours by car and five hours by train.
- Dave and I went for a run. I ran ten kilometres. Dave stopped after eight kilometres.
- Chris and Joe both did badly in the test. Chris got 30%, but Joe only got 25%.
- I expected my friends to arrive at about 4 o’clock. In fact they arrived at 2.30.
- You can go by bus or by train. The buses run every 30 minutes. The trains run every hour.
- We were very busy at work today. We’re not usually as busy as that.