Пассивный залог 2 (be done / been done / being done)
Изучите следующие активные и пассивные формы:
Infinitive
active:
(to) do/clean/see etc.
passive:
(to) be + done/cleaned/seen etc.
- The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
Ситуация серьезная. Необходимо что-то сделать, пока не поздно. (досл.: должно быть сделано) - A mystery is something that can’t be explained.
Тайна – это что, то что нельзя объяснить. - The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
Музыка была очень громкой и была слышна далеко отсюда. - A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
Новый супермаркет собираются построить в следующем году. - Please go away. I want to be left alone.
Пожалуйста, уходи. Я хочу, чтобы меня оставили в покое.
Perfect infinitive
active:
(to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc.
passive:
(to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc.
- I haven’t received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
Я еще не получил письма. Наверное, его отправили на неправильный адрес. (досл.: может было отправлено) - If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
Если бы ты не оставил машину незапертой, ее бы не угнали. (досл.: она бы не была украденной) - There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.
Сначала были некоторые проблемы, но их, кажется, уже решили.
Present perfect
active:
have/has + done etc.
passive:
have/has been + done etc.
- Have you heard? The concert has been cancelled.
Ты слышал? Концерт отменили. - Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
Тебя когда-нибудь кусала собака? (досл: был укушенный) - ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited.’
‘Ты идешь на вечеринку?’ ‘Нет, я не был приглашен.’
Past perfect
active:
had + done etc.
passive:
had been + done etc.
- The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked too long.
Овощи были не очень вкусными. Их слишком долго готовили. - The car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.
Машине было три года, но ею редко пользовались.
Present continuous
active:
am/is/are + (do)ing
passive:
am/is/are + being (done)
- There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. (... за нами следят.)
- (in a shop) ‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m being served.’ (... меня (уже) обслуживают)
Past continuous
active:
was/were + (do)ing
passive:
was/were + being (done)
- There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.
Упражнения
1. Что означают эти слова? Напишите по-английски, используя it can ... или it can’t ... и словарь, если необходимо.
If something is
2. Закончите предложения, используя следующие глаголы (в правильной форме):
arrest carry cause do make repair send spend wake up
Иногда вам будет нужен have (might have, should have и др.).
- The situation is serious. Something must before it’s too late.
- I haven’t received the letter. It might to the wrong address.
- A decision will not until the next meeting.
- Do you think that more money should on education?
- This road is in very bad condition. It should a long time ago.
- The injured man couldn’t walk and had to .
- It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might by an electrical fault.
- I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to at 6.30 the next morning.
- If you hadn’t pushed the policeman, you wouldn’t .
3. Перепишите эти предложения. Вместо somebody или they и др., используйте пассивный залог.
- Somebody has cleaned the room.
- They have postponed the meeting.
- Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
- I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
- When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
- They are building a new ring road round the city.
- They have built a new hospital near the airport.
4. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках. Иногда глагол в активной, а иногда в пассивной форме.
- There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow)
- This room looks different. (you / paint / the walls?)
- My car has disappeared. (it / steal!)
- My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take)
- Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote)
- Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate)
- The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)
- When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (the furniture / move)
- The man next door disappeared six months ago. (he / not / see / since then)
- I wonder how Jane is these days. (I / not / see / for ages)
- A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?)