Пассивный залог 2 (be done / been done / being done)

Урок 43
A

Изучите следующие активные и пассивные формы:

Infinitive

active:

(to) do/clean/see etc.

passive:

(to) be + done/cleaned/seen etc.

  • The situation is serious. Something must be done before it’s too late.
    Ситуация серьезная. Необходимо что-то сделать, пока не поздно. (досл.: должно быть сделано)
  • A mystery is something that can’t be explained.
    Тайна – это что, то что нельзя объяснить.
  • The music was very loud and could be heard from a long way away.
    Музыка была очень громкой и была слышна далеко отсюда.
  • A new supermarket is going to be built next year.
    Новый супермаркет собираются построить в следующем году.
  • Please go away. I want to be left alone.
    Пожалуйста, уходи. Я хочу, чтобы меня оставили в покое.
B

Perfect infinitive

active:

(to) have + done/cleaned/seen etc.

passive:

(to) have been + done/cleaned/seen etc.

  • I haven’t received the letter yet. It might have been sent to the wrong address.
    Я еще не получил письма. Наверное, его отправили на неправильный адрес. (досл.: может было отправлено)
  • If you hadn’t left the car unlocked, it wouldn’t have been stolen.
    Если бы ты не оставил машину незапертой, ее бы не угнали. (досл.: она бы не была украденной)
  • There were some problems at first, but they seem to have been solved.
    Сначала были некоторые проблемы, но их, кажется, уже решили.
C

Present perfect

active:

have/has + done etc.

passive:

have/has been + done etc.

  • Have you heard? The concert has been cancelled.
    Ты слышал? Концерт отменили.
  • Have you ever been bitten by a dog?
    Тебя когда-нибудь кусала собака? (досл: был укушенный)
  • ‘Are you going to the party?’ ‘No, I haven’t been invited.’
    ‘Ты идешь на вечеринку?’ ‘Нет, я не был приглашен.’

Past perfect

active:

had + done etc.

passive:

had been + done etc.

  • The vegetables didn’t taste very good. They had been cooked too long.
    Овощи были не очень вкусными. Их слишком долго готовили.
  • The car was three years old but hadn’t been used very much.
    Машине было три года, но ею редко пользовались.
D

Present continuous

active:

am/is/are + (do)ing

passive:

am/is/are + being (done)

  • There’s somebody walking behind us. I think we are being followed. (... за нами следят.)
  • (in a shop) ‘Can I help you?’ ‘No, thank you. I’m being served.’ (... меня (уже) обслуживают)

Past continuous

active:

was/were + (do)ing

passive:

was/were + being (done)

  • There was somebody walking behind us. We were being followed.

Упражнения

1. Что означают эти слова? Напишите по-английски, используя it can ... или it can’t ... и словарь, если необходимо.

If something is

1. washable,
2. unbreakable,
3. edible,
4. unusable,
5. invisible,
6. portable,

Key

2. Закончите предложения, используя следующие глаголы (в правильной форме):

arrest carry cause do make repair send spend wake up

Иногда вам будет нужен have (might have, should have и др.).

  1. The situation is serious. Something must before it’s too late.
  2. I haven’t received the letter. It might to the wrong address.
  3. A decision will not until the next meeting.
  4. Do you think that more money should on education?
  5. This road is in very bad condition. It should a long time ago.
  6. The injured man couldn’t walk and had to .
  7. It’s not certain how the fire started, but it might by an electrical fault.
  8. I told the hotel receptionist I wanted to at 6.30 the next morning.
  9. If you hadn’t pushed the policeman, you wouldn’t .

Key

3. Перепишите эти предложения. Вместо somebody или they и др., используйте пассивный залог.

  1. Somebody has cleaned the room.
  2. They have postponed the meeting.
  3. Somebody is using the computer at the moment.
  4. I didn’t realise that somebody was recording our conversation.
  5. When we got to the stadium, we found that they had cancelled the game.
  6. They are building a new ring road round the city.
  7. They have built a new hospital near the airport.

Key

4. Составьте предложения из слов в скобках. Иногда глагол в активной, а иногда в пассивной форме.

  1. There’s somebody behind us. (I think / we / follow)
  2. This room looks different. (you / paint / the walls?)
  3. My car has disappeared. (it / steal!)
  4. My umbrella has disappeared. (somebody / take)
  5. Sam gets a higher salary now. (he / promote)
  6. Ann can’t use her office at the moment. (it / redecorate)
  7. The photocopier broke down yesterday, but now it’s OK. (it / work / again; it / repair)

  8. Key
  9. When I went into the room, I saw that the table and chairs were not in the same place. (the furniture / move)
  10. The man next door disappeared six months ago. (he / not / see / since then)
  11. I wonder how Jane is these days. (I / not / see / for ages)
  12. A friend of mine was mugged on his way home a few nights ago. (you / ever / mug?)

Key