Разница между my, of mine и my own; on my own и by myself
Мы говорим ‘(a friend) of mine/yours/his/hers/ours/theirs’:
- I’m going to a wedding on Saturday. A friend of mine is getting married. (not a friend of me)
Я собираюсь на свадьбу в субботу. Мой друг женится. - We went on holiday with some friends of ours. (not some friends of us)
Мы ездили в отпуск с (некоторыми) нашими друзьями. - Michael had an argument with a neighbour of his.
Михаил поссорился со своим соседом. - It was a good idea of yours to go to the cinema.
Сходить в кинотеатр было (вашей) хорошей идеей.
А в чем разница между ‘my friend’ и ‘a friend of mine’? Так и хочется вам спросить... В целом, разницы нет, оба переводятся как ‘мой друг’. Однако, могут быть тонкости: например, ‘my friend’ может выражать более конкретного (близкого) друга, в то время, как ‘a friend of mine’ говорит об одном друге из многих (вспоминаем уроки артиклей), следовательно, это звучит более отдаленно, нейтрально. Таким образом, второй вариант с ‘mine’ позволит вам создавать более сложные предложения как грамматически, так и стилистически.
Таким же образом мы говорим ‘(a friend) of my sister’s / (a friend) of Tom’s’ и др. :
- That woman over there is a friend of my sister’s.
Эта женщина там – подруга моей сестры. - It was a good idea of Tom’s to go to the cinema.
Мы используем my/your/his/her/its/our/their перед own:
my own house your own car her own room
(not an own house, an own car etc.)
My own ... / your own ... и т.д. = мой/твой собственный = something that is only mine/yours, not shared or borrowed:
- I don’t want to share a room with anybody. I want my own room. Я хочу свою (собственную) комнату.
- Vicky and George would like to have their own house.
Вики и Джордж хотели бы иметь (досл.: их) собственный дом. - It’s a pity that the flat hasn’t got its own parking space.
- It’s my own fault that I’ve got no money. I buy too many things I don’t need.
- Why do you want to borrow my car? Why don’t you use your own? (= your own car)
Вы можете использовать own, чтобы сказать, что вы делаете что-то сами, а не кто-то другой делает это за вас. Например:
- Brian usually cuts his own hair. (= он стрижёт себя сам; он не ходит к парикмахеру)
- I’d like to have a garden so that I could grow my own vegetables. (= выращивать овощи сам, вместо того чтобы покупать их в магазинах)
On my own и by myself – оба означают ‘сам, в одиночку’. Мы говорим:
on {
his/her/its
our/their
} own
by {
himself / herself / itself
ourselves / yourselves (мн.ч.) / themselves
- I like living on my own / by myself.
Мне нравится жить одному/одной (самостоятельно). - ‘Did you go on holiday on your own / by yourself?’ ‘No, with a friend.’
- David was sitting on his own / by himself in a corner of the café.
- Learner drivers are not allowed to drive on their own / by themselves.
Упражнения
1. Напишите новые предложения с тем же значением. Замените выделенные слова в соответствии с первым разделом урока (a friend of mine и т.п.).
2. Закончите предложения, используя my own / your own и др. + следующее:
bedroom business opinions private beach words
- I share a kitchen and bathroom, but I have .
- Gary doesn’t think the same as me. He’s got .
- Julia is fed up with working for other people. She wants to start .
- We stayed at a luxury hotel by the sea. The hotel had .
- In the test we had to read a story, and then write it in .
3. Закончите предложения, используя my own / your own и др.
- Why do you want to borrow my car?
- How can you blame me? It’s not my fault. It’s .
- She’s always using my ideas. Why can’t she use ?
- Please don’t worry about my problems. You’ve got .
- I can’t make his decisions for him. He must make .
4. Закончите предложения, используя my own / your own и др. + следующие глаголы:
bake cut make write
- Brian never goes to the hairdresser.
- Mary doesn’t often buy clothes.
- We don’t often buy bread.
- Paul is a singer. He sings songs written by other people, but he also
5. Закончите предложения, используя on my own / by myself и др.
- Did you go on holiday on ?
- I’m glad I live with other people. I wouldn’t like to live on .
- The box was too heavy for me to lift by .
- ‘Who was Tom with when you saw him?’ ‘Nobody. He was by .’
- Very young children should not go swimming by .
- I don’t think she knows many people. When I see her, she is always by .
- I don’t like strawberries with cream. I like them on .
- Do you like working with other people or do you prefer working by ?
- We had no help decorating the flat. We did it completely on .
- I went out with Sally because she didn’t want to go out on .